Collaborative working

==collaborative working: ==

Collaborative work means  that more than two individuals, Organization,  or companies work to gather for different reasons. 

Beyerlein, define collaboration as the collective work of two or more individuals where the work is undertaken with a sense of shared purpose and direction, that is attentive and responsive to the environment.  33

 Collaborative work Environment: 

Using  a collaborative, working environment help in providing  and sharing  information 

and it is useful to exchange opinions  in order to achieve a common understanding of the shared work. 

<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.75pt;vertical-align:baseline"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt;mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in; padding:0in">Collaborative work systems: <span style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.75pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A; border:nonewindowtext1.0pt;mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Collaborative work systems is an organizational unit that manage  the time and place for any type of collaboration, whether it is formal or informal, intentional or unintentional. <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.75pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A; border:nonewindowtext1.0pt;mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Collaborative work systems  are used to create strategies, policies, and structures as well as to institutionalize values, behaviors, and practices that promote cooperation among different parties in an organization in order to achieve organizational goals. <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.75pt;vertical-align:baseline"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt;mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in; padding:0in">Benefits of Collaborative work: <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.75pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A; border:nonewindowtext1.0pt;mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Working collaboratively is more efficiency than working individually In order to : <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l9level1lfo1;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Develop a stronger, more united voice. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l6level1lfo2;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Share knowledge and information. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l11level1lfo3;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Deliver new, improved or more integrated services. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l3level1lfo4;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Make efficiency savings through sharing costs. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l2level1lfo5;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">more efficient use of resources. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l8level1lfo6;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Mutual support between organizations <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l4level1lfo7;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Sharing the risk in new and untested projects <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.75pt;vertical-align:baseline"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A; border:nonewindowtext1.0pt;mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Risks of Collaborative work: <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l0level1lfo8;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Outcomes do not justify the time and resources invested <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l7level1lfo9;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Loss of flexibility in working practices <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l10level1lfo10;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Complexity in decision-making and loss of autonomy <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l5level1lfo11;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Diverting energy and resources away from core aims - mission drift <span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l12level1lfo12;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Damage to organization and waste of resources if collaboration is unsuccessful <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:15.0pt; mso-list:l1level1lfo13;tab-stops:list.5in;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:#3A3A3A"> §    <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A;border:nonewindowtext1.0pt; mso-border-alt:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in">Lack of awareness of legal obligations <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:#3A3A3A">